Cardiovascular Disease and Sex

Sex steroids and cardiovascular disease

As men grow older, testosterone (T) levels decline and the significance of this change is debated. The evidence supporting a causal role for lower circulating T, or its metabolites dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol, in the genesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men is limited. Observational studies associate low baseline T levels with carotid atherosclerosis, aorti...

CARDIOVASCULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY Endogenous Sex Hormones and Cardiovascular Disease in Men

Importance of sex and gender in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.

In this special issue of the journal, there are papers on bone health and coronary artery calcification, age and sex differences in the effect of parental stroke on the progression of carotid intimamedia thickness, macrophage subsets in the adipose tissue by sex and by reproductive age of women, uric acid levels and metabolic syndrome, sex differences in cardiovascular risk factors and disease ...

Hyperinsulinemia, Sex, and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Background. The possibility that hyperinsulinemia may be involved in the etiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVID) was first suggested 20 years ago. During the last decade, this possibility has received support from three large prospective studies. Methods and Results. In the present study, the association between CVID, glucose intolerance, obesity, and hypertension (the GOH con...

Endogenous sex hormones and cardiovascular disease in men.

Unlike women, men do not experience an abrupt reduction in endogenous sex hormone production. It has, however, become clear that an age-associated decrease in the levels of (bioactive) sex hormones does occur. Whether endogenous sex hormones have an impact on cardiovascular disease has for many years remained largely unknown, but during the last decade more attention has been drawn to the impor...